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The general idea of the article is to set aside cultural differences when it comes to learning. Both the teacher and learner should act as a team in order to learn. Good teaching strategies will blossom as soon as the educator increases his knowledge on the learner’s background. (Kriselda Manzano)

Also, the article considers both the socio-cultural aspect of the prospective instructor and the learners to come up with content, learning experiences, and evaluation materials. The authors suggested that the prospective teacher and learners should collaborate to build a curriculum design that will address equity in teaching and multi-cultural dimension. (Joshua Maquiling)

Lastly, the study tells us that we need to know the unknown, referring to the learners' background, in order to teach effectively; we need to see where they are coming from. Being emphatically aware of their situation will make a better pedagogy. Therefore, it is important to learn what we do not know. (Patrick Marban)

To facilitate the discussion, you may focus on following guide questions:

Reflect on how important to consider cultural background of both prospective teachers and learners to come up with a pedagogical material. What are the content, learning experiences, and evaluation tools suggested in the article to come up with a multicultural curriculum design?

Relate the situation in the study to the situation in the Philippines. What can you say about the need to implement the study’s findings and recommendations to the education system in the Philippines?

the more we know the more we know that we do not know

Kriselda Manzano wrote:

Educators should always be updated with teaching trends and not merely on the growing technology alone. The article introduces us to pedagogy and left us wanting for more, the only solution is to Read! yvette wrote: Define pedadogy. What is your role in this concept? Defined by MoodleDocs on the internet, Pedagogy is the profession of teaching. From the article, Pedagogy is an instructional strategy. It may be inferred that it pertains to either formal or informal education. It needs to have an interaction between a teacher, students/partipants and subject matter in order to have an effective outcome. As an individual, I think my role in education is for professional development. Today, being part of the UERM graduate school is an initial step in achieving this role. I need to continuously learn so I can share my philosophies, gained knowledge and experiences to others. I need to have a deep sense of determination and devotion. I need to be updated with the growing technology so I can always be ahead of my students. I need to understand more and live with pedagogy..

Hi Luder, I appreciate your comment and in some point I might agree with you. Yes, you are correct that the article is implying cultural sensitivity in addressing the need for multicultural curriculum design.

Now, was the suggested actions to come up with a seemingly triangular approch feasible? I think yes. However will take time and will face rigorous challenges. Time nad budget are always a factor. Add to that is the readiness of traditional educational method to accept the modern approach.

luder wrote:

a. as i understood it, the objectives of the study was geared towards increasing the cultural sensitivity of prospective teachers using intra- as well as interpersonal means. learning in a multicultural environment is difficult for both the teacher and the student. another objective was how to get passed these cultural differences and make learning more meaningful for both parties. c. Pedagogy, as far as i can understad is all about learning. acquiring knowledge thru a structured student-teacher relationship. in this early stage of my nursing career, my initial role is to understand the deeper implcations of the learning process as i will invovle my self in a teaching career in the future. i am a product of the traditional classroom setup and i am inclined to go that way as well had i not learned about pedagogy. it is therefore my responsibility as a would be teacher to enhance my understanding of the delicate process of education so that i won't come short with my future students. d. i still have to understand instructional desgin deeper to answer this one... e. its quite a catchy title, it implies the lack of understanding of such a difficult topic such as culture. it also implies an invitation for both students and teachers to sit down and try to understand each other in a way that will benefit both of them. I think that the title was written this way because it is the reality, we know little about the different cultures that surround us. and we know even less about the way it affects the learning process. f. i would say yes. their reflections alone reflect a new understanding and appreciation of a reality that is not theirs. it was clear that they were able to identify the "what?; so, what?; now, what?" in the study. im expecting that there will be great difficulty in the implementation of their program on their end as well as with their students. the reason being, it is a different approach. this consttitues a change in the existing system not just for them but for eveybody in general. And change is always hard. g. the prospective teacher's socio-cultural backgrounds is a big influence in the way the approach things. i have this theory that as we grow up, we believe that the world is how we saw it growing up. i used to think that because i slept in the night meant that everybody in the world slept also. but then ideas like this change. as we grow older we realize that our realities are only perceptions. the respondents of the study seemed to have their own perceptions about how life is for them and for others at the beginning but were only basing their realities on the own perspectives. had they not seen what their students and their parents were going thru, there is a good chance that they mayhave continued to believe in their own reality. h. On my way to school, i was actually contemplating on the implications this study may have in the Phil. setting. Eventhough we consdir ourselves as one people (one race), let us not forget that the Filipino blood is not pure in the sense that over the years with the different countries that have gained access, we have been impregnated with the different cultures of these countries. spanish, japanese and american just to name a few. not only in our blood do we see the differences within our culture, the way of life during these times have also influenced much of who we are now as a people. Many foreign nationals have also chosen to call the Phil. their home, Chinese, Indians, Koreans... so in the long run the children of these foreigners will grow up to be part of our society. as time passes, the need to address the diverse cultures within our society grows. i. i need more time to think about this item...

Based from my understanding, the article is all about handling and responding to the cultural diversity in students and as such, using the pedagogy to further enhanced the teaching style of the instructor and achieved a positive outcome. It is setting aside the aspect of cultural difference of the students and taking into consideration the "race" issue. By using the pedagological process, it will create a stimulating and positive environment that will enhance learning for the students and the teachers thorugh interacting with each other.

The article aslo cited socio - cultural aspect of the prospective instructor, that focuses on the content and thus making an impact on the teachers beliefs and attitudes. For the pedagogy to set in, the teacher needs to have an initiative for the instructional process to take place suing his/her prior learning experience and intercultural experience.

Based from what i have conceptualize from the statement of Sir Butcon about learn what you dont know. In this article, we must see and learn the unknown such the learner's background, race and capabilities. In order for us to be effective, we need to assess the needs based from the given situation and issues that may or maynot arise. By taking a look more on this situations, we can learn from it and at the same time adjust out teaching style for better learning by adopting and using the pedogological process.

In the Philippines, it is very rare for this issue to occur unless it is known nationally about discriminating other races. It is true that our medical tourism is increasing every year that it attracts 3rd world country to come in the philippines for their education and health needs, that in fact much cheaper in their country's, That is attracts also foreign students to finish their studies here, As some like nigerians. But multicultural discrimination is not prevalent. The study clearly shows us a more resourceful way of achieveing a higher level of learning. As an instructor, we are bounded by the old setting of teaching style, wherein we can adopt new things and change our teaching style for better outcome thus coming up with a multicultural curriculum design. In my own point of view, we can use several teaching style including the pedagological process to further met the needs of our students and for them to be motivated to learn, coz the hardest part of it is to learn how to learn.

The study emphasizes the importance of instructor awareness with regard to the socio-cultural background of his/her students in order to teach more efficiently.

Cristina Mariano wrote:

e. “Learning Together What We Do Not Know: The Pedagogy of Multicultural Foundations” I guess the main reason that they entitled it as such is because the situation shows that each of them have learned from the study of the underlying effect of culture to learnings of an individual. In reality all of us are unaware that learning process is how we inculcate varieties of things around us. It shapes our thinking in a way that we grow with all these things and affects our manner of learning.

I agree with Ma'am Weng. That main issue lies within the socio - economic situation of the teacher and the student or as a whole individual. Yes, Budget is of utmost issue rather than the multicultural discrimination. For me, we don't need to sympathize others coz it will add up more to their grievances in life or whatsoever. We can only emphatize on the situation and instead of whining - we can do actions that may intervene on the needs and promote a positive outcome.

The "put yourself in his shoes" is a concept wherein we can determine and see the actions that needs to be taken and arising from it by having a positive attitude and taking into consideration our past experiences where we can relate and adjust to it. We need to be motivated on the things we do. In education, no aspect of hindrance is an issue, as long as we are determined and motivated to learn - then we can moveon together with the issues that are arising.

weng wrote:

Althought the study was about multicultural foundations, the result of the study could be of use to developing a pedagogy for subjects in nursing schools, particularly nursing care. In the Philippines, multicultural discrimination is not prevalent; whether you were born and raise in the province or in Metro Manila don't matter much. What matters now is how much is your bank account balance. In our society, the great divide is created from people's socio-economic situation. Most nursing students and instructors in the Philippines ("most," meaning approximately 75% of the academe and student's population (this is based solely on my observation)) come from the "working class" or to speak of it bluntly, those who eat three times a day, can pay rent and bills and have extra money to buy coffee from Starbucks or watch movies at IMAX. The remaining 25% are the so called middle or upperclass, or he who drives his own car and can afford a laptop. With this, we can say that not all nursing students and instructors have an idea how it feels to be "mahirap" in the Philippines. Although we can see how pitiful the lower class are from the news, it's quite different if we, nursing students and instructors, put ourselves in their shoes even just for a day of their difficult life. We sympathize them, yes. But the question here is, does our feeling of sympathy for them enough to emphatize them? This is where the study comes in. By using the program as described in the study, most especially out-of-class activities, the "put yourself in his shoes" concept can be attained. Doing so would give us an idea how to teach nursing students manage patients from the Charity Ward. We can give our students tips on what to do when a patient's bill ballooned (go to PCSO), how to talk to patient and patient's relative when it comes to bills, medicine costs, or anything that has got to do with money, since people from the lower socio-economic class are more sensitive when the talks are about money (practice people skills), or how to manage code-cart inventory and prevent inventory dry up from happening (this occurs when important medicines, like epinephrine, are used to charity patient in need and relatives don't have the money yet to buy or replace the medicine).

Good point sir Gary. Community assessment or homevisit is a very noble attempt as a method of assessment and evaluation tool. However, i can't imagine how tedious and taxing this process to teachers specially if we put up that system here in our country.

Ideally, though, if the objective is to come up with a suitable curriculum design where ehtnicity and multi-cultural society, then as teachers we should uphold the great benefit that it will bring to our students.
quote="gary.orosa"]The title was named “Learning Together What We Do Not Know: The Pedagogy of Multicultural Foundations” because learning in this example goes both ways, on the educator and the student as the interns were placed in a position or in a situation were they have been able to emulate the environment of their students. Additionally, the researcher also learned from the interns,

The objectives of the study were to assess the pedagogy and how it develops in interaction between students, the instructor, and the content ; and to provide an avenue through which this individual teacher educator could explore, innovate, and improve her practice.

Pedagogy is the art or science of being a teacher. The term generally refers to strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction. My role in the concept is as a learner as both the educator and the students learn from each other.

The strong points of the study in the community investigation of the study conducted simply shows that an educator must not simply assume a situation as being a fact nor be judgmental on another. Experience will definitely open one’s eyes and perspectives by emulating or putting one’s self in the other’s shoes.

However the weak points of the community investigation are that it had changed the attitude of the interns from empathy to sympathy and had shifted the roles of a learner to a helper.

It raises the awareness levels of the educator in accessing the situation of the family but it supports sympathy and compromises the objectivity of being an educator and transforms one’s role into that of a helper or charitable worker.

As the prospective instructors were of diverse culture, their methods of instruction design had been influenced by their socio cultural backgrounds.

The interns themselves and the experiences they bring to the course shape the pedagogy, in particular the types of conversations and analysis of socio-political contexts that can occur.

The perspective of one instructor being a lesbian mom in this culture and her willingness to share her experiences with her classmates became a part of the content of the course.

The assumptions of the study were that the interns in this cohort shared similar knowledge (schema) about race and racism given that the majority of the interns are white, middle-class women but their individual experiences and their ways of making sense of those experiences varied.

Cultural diversity will definitely have an affect on teaching startegy as each educator as well as each student has his or her own culture. As with the learner centered approach, a thorough assessment of the learner must first be pursued but it has to go both ways in the sense that the educator must also have some self awareness on his values and beliefs. It would be significant to note that there should also be a mutual respect to each and everyone’s culture before an effective learning process may be implemented. As it is we sometimes subliminally have certain biases on another’s culture and if this is present or becomes dominant, no effective learning can be achieved.[/quote]

Indeed, no one has the monopoly of knowledge. No one can claim, even the experts, the he or she knows "everything." Therefore, even as educators, we continuously need to learn.

silva731 wrote:

2. Define Pedagogy? What is your role in this concept? Pedagogy is the study of teaching methods, including the aims of education and the ways in which such goals may be achieved. The field relies heavily on educational psychology, or theories about the way in which learning takes place. My role in this concept is that I can be both a teacher and learner. Continuously interacting applying the principle of reciprocity.

I think evan, in the Philippines, it is highly applicable. Particularly if we wanted to address the need for education of our indigenous brothers and sisters in the mountains. Philippines is highly populated with different ethnic cultures.

evancarlo wrote:

Based from my understanding, the article is all about handling and responding to the cultural diversity in students and as such, using the pedagogy to further enhanced the teaching style of the instructor and achieved a positive outcome. It is setting aside the aspect of cultural difference of the students and taking into consideration the "race" issue. By using the pedagological process, it will create a stimulating and positive environment that will enhance learning for the students and the teachers thorugh interacting with each other. The article aslo cited socio - cultural aspect of the prospective instructor, that focuses on the content and thus making an impact on the teachers beliefs and attitudes. For the pedagogy to set in, the teacher needs to have an initiative for the instructional process to take place suing his/her prior learning experience and intercultural experience. Based from what i have conceptualize from the statement of Sir Butcon about learn what you dont know. In this article, we must see and learn the unknown such the learner's background, race and capabilities. In order for us to be effective, we need to assess the needs based from the given situation and issues that may or maynot arise. By taking a look more on this situations, we can learn from it and at the same time adjust out teaching style for better learning by adopting and using the pedogological process. In the Philippines, it is very rare for this issue to occur unless it is known nationally about discriminating other races. It is true that our medical tourism is increasing every year that it attracts 3rd world country to come in the philippines for their education and health needs, that in fact much cheaper in their country's, That is attracts also foreign students to finish their studies here, As some like nigerians. But multicultural discrimination is not prevalent. The study clearly shows us a more resourceful way of achieveing a higher level of learning. As an instructor, we are bounded by the old setting of teaching style, wherein we can adopt new things and change our teaching style for better outcome thus coming up with a multicultural curriculum design. In my own point of view, we can use several teaching style including the pedagological process to further met the needs of our students and for them to be motivated to learn, coz the hardest part of it is to learn how to learn.

You wrote a very detailed answer which is very good! It is true that being on someone's shoes greatly increases awareness of situations previously unknown to you and thus, linking your ideals and values with reality.

silva731 wrote:

3. In the context of instructional design, what are the strong and weak points of the study? The strong point of the study is that while the overall impact of the community investigation led to a heightened awareness of the issues facing families, in the first implementation of the assignment during a four-week summer course, the instructor faced a troubling outcome. During the debriefing session, several students were excited about resources they had come across during the investigation. For example, students who had explored health care options had revealed their status as students to a healthcare worker at a nearby hospital who supplied the students with brochures and applications for free medical insurance for children and families. Interns decided that they would prepare a binder for families with healthcare options and other community resources as a "Now, what? " implication for their own practice. They expressed how good it felt for them to be helping their families in this manner. The instructor realized that the major outcome of the activity had not been met. Instead of developing empathy for families and understanding how societal structures including schools serve to maintain the status quo of inequity, the interns were expressing sympathy and offering solutions that would maintain their own status as privileged, white, middle class, English fluent, helpers. At the next class meeting, the instructor asked students to reflect on the word helpful and its potential antonyms. Further, students were asked to consider what their role as helper means for those being helped. The class had just read about the concept of reciprocity (Moll, Amanti, Neff, & Gonzalez, 1992) so they could ask themselves how they could shift from the role of helper to the role of learner with families so as to draw on the funds of knowledge offered by parents and children to make these relationships more reciprocal. When the community investigation was assigned to the cohort that participated in this study, the helpfulness orientation came up on a smaller scale, perhaps due to subtle changes in the assignment description and the way the investigation was introduced. Because of the previous experience, the instructor could respond immediately with the prompting questions and engage students in making the reciprocity connection during the debriefing session rather than at the next class meeting. These changes in instruction from semester to semester exemplify how the pedagogy in the course builds on instructor learning as well as student learning developmentally and in a social context. The instructor began to question the legitimacy of the one-day event and the helpfulness orientation that resulted as a problematic aspect of the course.

On Cristina's, do you mean as we are learning to the complexities of phenomenon around us we shape our own culture? and this culture affects our capability to learn and directly affect our method of teaching? perhaps, the reason why culture is power, it influences our being and may attract and distract others. if so, cultural mutuality and equity should be highly addressed to come up with a global curriculum design.

patmarban wrote:

The study emphasizes the importance of instructor awareness with regard to the socio-cultural background of his/her students in order to teach more efficiently. Cristina Mariano wrote: e. “Learning Together What We Do Not Know: The Pedagogy of Multicultural Foundations” I guess the main reason that they entitled it as such is because the situation shows that each of them have learned from the study of the underlying effect of culture to learnings of an individual. In reality all of us are unaware that learning process is how we inculcate varieties of things around us. It shapes our thinking in a way that we grow with all these things and affects our manner of learning.

hi evan and weng,
i also observed that multicultural prejudice is not prevalent in our country however, as early as today we should be vigilant to prevent its spread. An article written by Rey A. Gomez (1991) emphasized that multicultural education embodies a perspective rather than a curriculum, the teachers must consider children's (learner’s) cultural identities and be aware of their own biases too.

Gomez, Rey A. (1991). ERIC Identifier: ED339548. Retrieved Aug 13, 2008 from http://www.ericdigests.org/1992-5/perspective.htm

evancarlo wrote:

I agree with Ma'am Weng. That main issue lies within the socio - economic situation of the teacher and the student or as a whole individual. Yes, Budget is of utmost issue rather than the multicultural discrimination. For me, we don't need to sympathize others coz it will add up more to their grievances in life or whatsoever. We can only emphatize on the situation and instead of whining - we can do actions that may intervene on the needs and promote a positive outcome. The "put yourself in his shoes" is a concept wherein we can determine and see the actions that needs to be taken and arising from it by having a positive attitude and taking into consideration our past experiences where we can relate and adjust to it. We need to be motivated on the things we do. In education, no aspect of hindrance is an issue, as long as we are determined and motivated to learn - then we can moveon together with the issues that are arising. weng wrote: Althought the study was about multicultural foundations, the result of the study could be of use to developing a pedagogy for subjects in nursing schools, particularly nursing care. In the Philippines, multicultural discrimination is not prevalent; whether you were born and raise in the province or in Metro Manila don't matter much. What matters now is how much is your bank account balance. In our society, the great divide is created from people's socio-economic situation. Most nursing students and instructors in the Philippines ("most," meaning approximately 75% of the academe and student's population (this is based solely on my observation)) come from the "working class" or to speak of it bluntly, those who eat three times a day, can pay rent and bills and have extra money to buy coffee from Starbucks or watch movies at IMAX. The remaining 25% are the so called middle or upperclass, or he who drives his own car and can afford a laptop. With this, we can say that not all nursing students and instructors have an idea how it feels to be "mahirap" in the Philippines. Although we can see how pitiful the lower class are from the news, it's quite different if we, nursing students and instructors, put ourselves in their shoes even just for a day of their difficult life. We sympathize them, yes. But the question here is, does our feeling of sympathy for them enough to emphatize them? This is where the study comes in. By using the program as described in the study, most especially out-of-class activities, the "put yourself in his shoes" concept can be attained. Doing so would give us an idea how to teach nursing students manage patients from the Charity Ward. We can give our students tips on what to do when a patient's bill ballooned (go to PCSO), how to talk to patient and patient's relative when it comes to bills, medicine costs, or anything that has got to do with money, since people from the lower socio-economic class are more sensitive when the talks are about money (practice people skills), or how to manage code-cart inventory and prevent inventory dry up from happening (this occurs when important medicines, like epinephrine, are used to charity patient in need and relatives don't have the money yet to buy or replace the medicine).

The individuality of every individual should be highly observed in order to come up with equity in teaching.

Kriselda Manzano wrote:

hi evan and weng, i also observed that multicultural prejudice is not prevalent in our country however, as early as today we should be vigilant to prevent its spread. An article written by Rey A. Gomez (1991) emphasized that multicultural education embodies a perspective rather than a curriculum, the teachers must consider children's (learner’s) cultural identities and be aware of their own biases too. evancarlo wrote: I agree with Ma'am Weng. That main issue lies within the socio - economic situation of the teacher and the student or as a whole individual. Yes, Budget is of utmost issue rather than the multicultural discrimination. For me, we don't need to sympathize others coz it will add up more to their grievances in life or whatsoever. We can only emphatize on the situation and instead of whining - we can do actions that may intervene on the needs and promote a positive outcome. The "put yourself in his shoes" is a concept wherein we can determine and see the actions that needs to be taken and arising from it by having a positive attitude and taking into consideration our past experiences where we can relate and adjust to it. We need to be motivated on the things we do. In education, no aspect of hindrance is an issue, as long as we are determined and motivated to learn - then we can moveon together with the issues that are arising. weng wrote: Althought the study was about multicultural foundations, the result of the study could be of use to developing a pedagogy for subjects in nursing schools, particularly nursing care. In the Philippines, multicultural discrimination is not prevalent; whether you were born and raise in the province or in Metro Manila don't matter much. What matters now is how much is your bank account balance. In our society, the great divide is created from people's socio-economic situation. Most nursing students and instructors in the Philippines ("most," meaning approximately 75% of the academe and student's population (this is based solely on my observation)) come from the "working class" or to speak of it bluntly, those who eat three times a day, can pay rent and bills and have extra money to buy coffee from Starbucks or watch movies at IMAX. The remaining 25% are the so called middle or upperclass, or he who drives his own car and can afford a laptop. With this, we can say that not all nursing students and instructors have an idea how it feels to be "mahirap" in the Philippines. Although we can see how pitiful the lower class are from the news, it's quite different if we, nursing students and instructors, put ourselves in their shoes even just for a day of their difficult life. We sympathize them, yes. But the question here is, does our feeling of sympathy for them enough to emphatize them? This is where the study comes in. By using the program as described in the study, most especially out-of-class activities, the "put yourself in his shoes" concept can be attained. Doing so would give us an idea how to teach nursing students manage patients from the Charity Ward. We can give our students tips on what to do when a patient's bill ballooned (go to PCSO), how to talk to patient and patient's relative when it comes to bills, medicine costs, or anything that has got to do with money, since people from the lower socio-economic class are more sensitive when the talks are about money (practice people skills), or how to manage code-cart inventory and prevent inventory dry up from happening (this occurs when important medicines, like epinephrine, are used to charity patient in need and relatives don't have the money yet to buy or replace the medicine).